Numeric and Numeric-edited items are set to ZEROES. FILLER and OCCURS Clause items are left untouched.
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IS NUMERIC is used to check if the data is numeric or not. IS NUMERIC clause IN COBOL EXAMPLE 01 WS-TEXT PIC X(05). MOV...
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REDEFINES Clause IN COBOL Sometime two or more different variables defined in a program are not in use simultaneously. Their memory can b...
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Level-66 Data-item is used for RENAMES Clause. RENAMES clause is used to regroup(Re-arrange), club together existing fields under a new name...
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Almost all COBOL compilers treat a line of COBOL code as if it contained two distinct areas. These are - AREA A - Between Column 8 to 11 -Di... -
SYNC Keyword is used in COBOL to align the data(storage-area) to a Word-Boundary(Any address which is a multiple of 4). This is because, on...
INITIALIZE Verb IN COBOL : What does the INITIALIZE Verb do?
Alphabetic, Alpha-numeric fields and alpha-numeric edited items are initialized to SPACES.
Numeric and Numeric-edited items are set to ZEROES. FILLER and OCCURS Clause items are left untouched.
Numeric and Numeric-edited items are set to ZEROES. FILLER and OCCURS Clause items are left untouched.
What are the different data-types in COBOL?
Alpha-numeric (X), alphabetic (A) and numeric (9).
Basic data types
Alphabetic ( A)
Numeric( 9)
Alphanumeric (X)
Edited numeric ( Z, $)
Edited alphanumeric(/,-)
Name the divisions in a COBOL Program.
The four divisions in a COBOL Program are IDENTIFICATION DIVISION, ENVIRONMENT DIVISION, DATA DIVISION and PROCEDURE DIVISION.
Tell us briefly about each division.
IDENTIFICATION DIVISION is used to establish the Identity of the program, and assigns a unique name to the Program.
ENVIRONMENT DIVISION tells the environment – SOURCE-COMPUTER and OBJECT-COMPUTER on which the COBOL Program would run. It also declares the Input and Output file-names, accessed by the COBOL Program.
DATA DIVISION is the place in the COBOL Program, that creates Storage areas(COBOL Variables) for storing Data. Generally, COBOL Programs read data-records from Input-File, or Write records to Output-file. When the data-record from the Input-file is read, there's got to be a place in the COBOL Program, where the Input File Data arrives, its received and it has to be stored. COBOL Programs may do some rough-work. Such variables which act like a temporary scratch-pad, where you could do some rough-work, and which are there only as long as the COBOL Program runs are called WORKING-STORAGE Areas.
PROCEDURE DIVISION is the starting-point of the COBOL Program, where the Program begins to run. You code the Instructions that you to perform one-by-one in the PROCEDURE DIVISION.
IDENTIFICATION DIVISION is used to establish the Identity of the program, and assigns a unique name to the Program.
ENVIRONMENT DIVISION tells the environment – SOURCE-COMPUTER and OBJECT-COMPUTER on which the COBOL Program would run. It also declares the Input and Output file-names, accessed by the COBOL Program.
DATA DIVISION is the place in the COBOL Program, that creates Storage areas(COBOL Variables) for storing Data. Generally, COBOL Programs read data-records from Input-File, or Write records to Output-file. When the data-record from the Input-file is read, there's got to be a place in the COBOL Program, where the Input File Data arrives, its received and it has to be stored. COBOL Programs may do some rough-work. Such variables which act like a temporary scratch-pad, where you could do some rough-work, and which are there only as long as the COBOL Program runs are called WORKING-STORAGE Areas.
PROCEDURE DIVISION is the starting-point of the COBOL Program, where the Program begins to run. You code the Instructions that you to perform one-by-one in the PROCEDURE DIVISION.
COBOL CHARACTER SET
COBOL CHARACTER SETMeaning
Space
+ Plus sign
- Minus sign or hyphen
* Asterisk
/ Forward slash or solidus
= Equal sign
$ Currency sign1
, Comma
; Semicolon
. Decimal point or period
" Quotation mark2
( Left parenthesis
) Right parenthesis
> Greater than
< Less than
: Colon
' Apostrophe
A-Z Alphabet (uppercase)
a-z Alphabet (lowercase)
0-9 Numeric characters
What does COBOL stand for?
COmmon Business Oriented Language.
Which are target area of COBOL applications?
Defense, Aircraft, Insurance, Finance, Retail etc (file & data oriented applications involved)
So we can say that COBOL is basically used for writing business applications
History of COBOL
1959 –United States Department of Defense
1960 -COBOL initial specifications presented by CODASYL (Conference on
Data Systems Languages)
1964 –BASIC COBOL extended to Visual COBOL
1968 –ANSI (American National Standards Institute) developed
American National Standard (ANS) COBOL
1974 –ANSI published revised version of (ANS) COBOL
–Business applications needed to manipulate character as well as numeric data
–String operations added
1985 –COBOL 85 Standards was introduced with revised version of COBOL-74.
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